Mushroom Studies – Antioxi

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AntioxiJul23

Allergic Rhinitis (Hayfever)

Reishi

1. Anti-allergic constituents in the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum. (I). Inhibitory effect of oleic acid on histamine release. Tasaka K, Akagi M, Miyoshi K, Mio M, Makino T. Agents Actions. 1988;23(3-4):153–156.

2. Anti-allergic constituents in the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum. (II). The inhibitory effect of cyclooctasulfur on histamine release. Tasaka K, Mio M, Izushi K, Akagi M, Makino T. Agents Actions. 1988;23(3-4):157–160.

3. Effectiveness of Dp2 nasal therapy for Dp2- induced airway inflammation in mice: using oral Ganoderma lucidum as an immunomodulator. Liu YH, Tsai CF, Kao MC, Lai YL, Tsai JJ. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2003;36(4):236–242.

4. The use of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) in the management of Histamine-mediated allergic responses. Powell M. Nutritional Practitioner Magazine. 2004:26–30.

5. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum on pollen-induced biphasic nasal blockage in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis. Mizutani N, Nabe T, Shimazu M, Yoshino S, Kohno S. Phytother Res. 2012;26(3):325–332.

6. Suppression of inflammatory and allergic responses by pharmacologically potent fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Bhardwaj N, Katyal P, Sharma AK. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2014;8(2):104–117.

7. Chen, M.L., B.F.Lin. 2007b. Effects of triterpenoid-rich extracts of Ganoderma tsugae on airway hyperreactivity and Th2 responses in vivo. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 143(1):21-30.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Lion's Mane

1. Spelman, Kevin & Sutherland, Elizabeth & Bagade, Aravind. (2017). Neurological Activity of Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus). Journal of Restorative Medicine. 6. 19-26.10.14200/jrm.2017.6.0108.

Reishi

1. Antagonizing β-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity of the anti-ageing fungus Ganoderma lucidum. Lai CS, Yu MS, Yuen WH, So KF, Zee SY, Chang RC. Brain Res. 2008;1190:215–224.

Anxiety

Lion's mane

1. Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. Nagano M, Shimizu K, Kondo R, Hayashi C, Sato D, Kitagawa K, Ohnuki K. Biomed Res. 2010;31(4):231–237.

Asthma

Cordyceps

1. Medicinal value of the caterpillar fungi species of the genus Cordyceps (Fr.) Link (Ascomycetes). A review. Holliday J, Cleaver MP. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2008;10(3):219–234.

2. Effect of dongchong xiacao capsule on airway inflammation of asthmatic patients. Wang NQ, Jiang LD, Zhang XM, Li ZX. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi. 2007;32(15):1566–1568.

3. Effects of fermented Cordyceps powder on pulmonary function in sensitized guinea pigs and airway inflammation in sensitized rats. Lin XX, Xie QM, Shen WH, Chen Y. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi. 2001;26(9):622–625.

4. Effects of Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris and their isolated compounds on ion transport in Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells. Yue GG, Lau CB, Fung K, Leung P, Ko W. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;117(1):92–101.

5. Regulation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids cell function by the immunomodulatory agents from Cordyceps sinensis. Kuo YC, Tsai WJ, Wang JY, Chang SC, Lin CY, Shiao MS. Life Sci. 2001;68(9):1067–1082.

Reishi

1. Ganoderma tsugae supplementation alleviates bronchoalveolar inflammation in an airway sensitization and challenge mouse model. Lin JY, Chen ML, Chiang BL, Lin BF. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006;6(2):241–251.

2. Effects of triterpenoid-rich extracts of Ganoderma tsugae on airway hyperreactivity and Th2 responses in vivo. Chen ML, Lin BF. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007;143(1):21–30.

Bacterial Infections

Lion's mane

1. Anti-MRSA compounds of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. Kawagishi H. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2005;7(3):350

Reishi

1. Antibacterial activity of the bio-multidrug (Ganoderma lucidum) on Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Prasad Y, Wesely WEG. Advanced Biotech. 2008;10:9–16.

2. Naturally occurring medicinal mushroom-derived antimicrobials: a case-study using Lingzhi or Reishi Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. (higher Basidiomycetes). Karwa AS, Rai MK. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2012;14(5):481–490.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Reishi

1. Anti-androgenic activities of Ganoderma lucidum. Fujita R, Liu J, Shimizu K, Konishi F, Noda K, Kumamoto S, Ueda C, Tajiri H, Kaneko S, Suimi Y, Kondo R. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;102(1):107–112.

2. The anti-androgen effect of ganoderol B isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Liu J, Shimizu K, Konishi F, Kumamoto S, Kondo R. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007;15(14):4966–4972.

3. 5alpha-reductase inhibitory effect of triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. Liu J, Kurashiki K, Shimizu K, Kondo R. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006;29(2):392–395.

4. Ganoderma lucidum is an inhibitor of testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Nahata A, Dixit VK. Andrologia. 2012;44(Suppl 1):160–174.

5. Effect of an extract of Ganoderma lucidum in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized and dose-ranging study. Noguchi M, Kakuma T, Tomiyasu K, Kurita Y, Kukihara H, Konishi F, Kumamoto S, Shimizu K, Kondo R, Matsuoka K. Asian J Androl. 2008;10(4):651–658.

6. Randomized clinical trial of an ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Noguchi M, Kakuma T, Tomiyasu K, Yamada A, Itoh K, Konishi F, Kumamoto S, Shimizu K, Kondo R, Matsuoka K. Asian J Androl. 2008;10(5):777–785.

Cancer

Maitake

1. Inhibitory effect of Chinese herb medicine zhuling on urinary bladder cancer. An experimental and clinical study. Yang DA, Li SQ, Shi BY, Wang HW, Liu SG, Li YT, Zhou BM, Wang XX. Zhonghua Waike Zazhi, 1991;29(6):393–395, 399.

2. Prophylactic effects of zhuling and BCG on postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer. Yang DA, Li SQ, Li XT, Liu SG, Wang HW, Gao DJ. Zhonghua Waike Zazhi. 1994;32(7):433–434.

3. Prevention of postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer: a clinical study. Yang DA, Li SQ, Wang HW, Li XT, Liu SG, Han W, Hao JW, Zhang HB. Zhonghua Waike Zazhi. 1999;37(8):464–465.

4. Effects of Lentinus edodes, Grifola frondosa and Pleurotus ostreatus administration on cancer outbreak, and activities of macrophages and lymphocytes in mice treated with a carcinogen, N-butyl-N-butanolnitrosoamine. Kurashige S, Akuzawa Y, Endo F. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1997;19(2):175–183.

5. Effect of various natural products on growth of bladder cancer cells: two promising mushroom extracts. Konno S. Altern Med Rev. 2007;12(1):63–68.

6. Rajamahanty, S., B. Louie, C. O’Neill, M. Choudbury, S. Konno. 2009. Possible disease remission in patient with invasive bladder cancer with D-fraction regimen. International Journal of General Medicine 2:15-17.

Maitake

1. Maitake D-fraction: healing and preventive potential for cancer. Nanba H. J Orthomol Med. 1997;12(1):43–49.

Chaga

1. Betulinic acid: a new cytotoxic agent against malignant brain tumour cells. Fulda S, Jeremias I, Steiner HH, Pietsch T, Debatin KM. Int J Cancer. 1999;82(3):435–441.

2. Chemistry, biological activity, and chemotherapeutic potential of betulinic acid for the prevention and treatment of cancer and HIV infection. Cichewicz RH, Kouzi SA. Med Res Rev. 2004;24(1):90–114.

3. Betulinic acid, a natural compound with potent anticancer effects. Mullauer FB, Kessler JH, Medema JP. Anticancer Drugs. 2010;21(3):215–227.

Maitake

1. Maitake D-fraction: healing and preventive potential for cancer. Nanba H. J Orthomol Med. 1997;12(1):43–49.

2. Deng, G., H. Lin, A. Seidman, M. Fornier, G,.D‘ Andrea,K. Wesa, S. Yeung et al. 2009. A phase I/II trial of a polysaccharide extract from Grifola frondose (Maitake mushroom) in breast cancer patients: immunological effects. Journal of Cancer Research & Clinical Oncology 135(9):1215-1221.

Turkey Tail

1. Immunochemotherapies versus chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment after curative resection of operable breast cancer. Iino Y, Yokoe T, Maemura M, Horiguchi J, Takei H, Ohwada S, Morishita Y. Anticancer Res. 1995;15(6B):2907–2911.

2. HLA antigen as predictive index for the outcome of breast cancer patients with adjuvant immunochemotherapy with PSK. Yokoe T, Iino Y, Takei H, Horiguchi J, Koibuchi Y, Maemura M, Ohwada S, Morishita Y. Anticancer Res. 1997;17(4A):2815–2818.

Reishi

1. Potential role of medicinal mushrooms in breast cancer treatment: current knowledge and future perspectives. Petrova RD, Wasser SP; Mahajna JA, Denchev CM, Neva E. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2005;7(1–2):141–146.

2. Potential benefits of Ling Zhi or Reishi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) to breast cancer patients. Chen AW, Seleen J. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2007;9(1):29–38.

Turkey Tail

1. Coriolus versicolor supplementation in HPV patients. [Poster]. Couto JS, da Silva DP. 20th European Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2008

Turkey Tail

1. Efficacy of adjuvant immunochemotherapy with polysaccharide K for patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of centrally randomized controlled clinical trials. Sakamoto J, Morita S, Oba K, Matsui T, Kobayashi M, Nakazato H, Ohashi Y. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2006;55(4):404–411.

2. Mitomi, T.,S. Tsuchiya, N. Iljima, K. Aso et al. 1992. Randomized, controlled study on adjuvant immunochemotheraoy with PSK in curatively resected colorectal cancer. The Cooperative Study Group of Surgical Adjuvant Immunotherapy for Cancer of Colon and Rectum (Kanagawa). Diseases of the colon and rectum 35(2):123-130.

3. Ohwada, S., T. Ogawa, F. Makita, Y. Tanahsi, T. Ohya, N. Tomizawa et al. 2006. Beneficial effects of protein-bound polysaccharide K plus tegafur/uracil in patients with stage II or III colorectal cancer: analysis of immunological parameters. Oncology Reports 15: 861:868.

4. Sakamoto, J., S. Morito, K. Oba, Matsui, M. Kobayashi, H. Nakazato, Y. Ohashi. 2006. Meta-analysis group of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the colon rectum. Efficacy of adjuvant immunochemotherapy with polysaccharide K for patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of centrally, randomized controlled clinical trials. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 55(4):404-411.

Reishi

1. Monitoring of immune responses to a herbal immunomodulator in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Chen X, Hu ZP, Yang XX, Huang M, Gao Y, Tang W, Chan SY, Dai X, Ye J, Ho PC, Duan W, Yang HY, Zhu YZ, Zhou SF. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006;6(3):499–508.

2. Immune responses to water-soluble ling zhi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. Polysaccharides in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Huang M; Gao YH; Tang W; Dai X; Gao H; Chen GL, Ye JX, Chan EL, Zhou SF. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2006;7(4):525–538. 7.

3. A water-soluble extract from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia suppresses azoxymethane-induction of colon cancers in male F344 rats. Lu H, Kyo E, Uesaka T, Katoh O, Watanabe H. Oncol Rep. 2003;10(2):375–379.

Turkey Tail

1. Efficacy of adjuvant immunochemotherapy with polysaccharide K for patients with curative resections of gastric cancer. Oba K, Teramukai S, Kobayashi M, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sakamoto J. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2007;56(6):905–911.

2. Nakazato, H., A. Koike, S. Saji, N. Ogawa, J. Sakamoto. 1994. Efficacy of immunochemotherapy as adjuvant treatment after curative resection of gastric cancer. Study group of immunochemotherapy with PSK for gastric cancer. Lancet 343 (8906):1122-1126.

Lion's Mane

1. Li, G., K. Yu, F. Li, K.P. Xu, J. Li, S.J. He et al. 2014. Anticancer potential of Hericium erinaceus extracts against human gastrointestinal cancers. Journal of Ethnopharacology 153: 521-530.

Turkey Tail

1. Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extract attenuates growth of human leukaemia xenografts and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Ho CY, Kim CF, Leung KN, Fung KP, Tse TF, Chan H, Lau CB. Oncol Rep. 2006;16(3):609-16.

2. Cytotoxic activities of Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extract on human leukaemia and lymphoma cells by induction of apoptosis. Lau CB, Ho CY, Kim CF, Leung KN, Fung KP, Tse TF, Chan HH, Chow MS. Life Sci. 2004;75(7):797–808.

Cordyceps

1. Cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract induces human premyelocytic leukaemia cell apoptosis through mitochondrion pathway. Zhang QX, Wu JY. Exp Biol Med. 2007;232(1):52–57.

2. Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on the proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic U937 cells. Chen YJ, Shiao MS, Lee SS, Wang SY. Life Sci. 1997;60(25):2349–2359.

3. Chou S.M., W.J. Lai, T.W. Hong, J.Y. Lai J., S.H. Tsai, Y.H. Chen, S.H, et al. 2014. Synergistic property of cordycepin in cultivated Cordyceps militaris-mediated apoptosis in human leukemia cells.Phytomedicine 21(12):1516-1524.

Maitake

1. Can Maitake MD-fraction aid cancer patients? Kodama N, Komuta K, Nanba H. Alt Med Rev. 2002;7(3):236–239.

Maitake

1. Maitake D-fraction: healing and preventive potential for cancer. Nanba H. J Orthomolecular Med. 1997;12(1):43–49.

Reishi

1.Triterpene-enriched extracts from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit growth of hepatoma cells via suppressing protein kinase C, activating mitogen-activated protein kinases and G2-phase cell cycle arrest. Lin SB, Li CH, Lee SS, Kan LS. Life Sci. 2003;72(21):2381–2390.

2. Ganoderic acid produced from submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum induces cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cell line BEL7402. Yang HL. Biotechnol Lett. 2005;27(12):835–838.

3. Antitumour activity of the sporoderm-broken germinating spores of Ganoderma lucidum. Liu X, Yuan JP, Chung CK, Chen XJ. Cancer Lett. 2002;182(2):155–161.

4. Ganoderiol F, a Ganoderma triterpene, induces senescence in hepatoma HepG2 cells. Chang UM, Li CH, Lin LI, Huang CP, Kan LS, Lin SB. Life Sci. 2006;79(12):1129–1139.

5. The anti-invasive effect of lucidenic acids isolated from a new Ganoderma lucidum strain. Weng CJ, Chau CF, Chen KD, Chen DH, Yen GC. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007;51(12):1472–1477.

6. Inhibitory effects of Ganoderma lucidum on tumourigenesis and metastasis of human hepatoma cells in cells and animal models. Weng .J, Chau CF, Yen GC, Liao JW, Chen DH, Chen KD. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57(11):5049–5057.

Cordyceps

1. Cordyceps sinensis increases the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens on human hepatoma cell line HA22T/VGH cells. Chiu JH, Ju CH, Wu LH, Lui WY, Wu CW, Shiao MS, Hong CY. Am J Chin Med. 1998;26(2):159–170.

Chaga

1. Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Youn MJ, Kim JK, Park SY, Kim Y, Kim SJ, Lee JS, Chai KY, Kim HJ, Cui MX, So HS, Kim KY, Park R. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(4):511–517.

Turkey Tail

1. Protein-bound polysaccharide-K (PSK) directly enhanced IgM production in the human B cell line BALL-1. Maruyama S, Akasaka T, Yamada K, Tachibana H. Biomed Pharmacother. 2009;63(6):409–412.

2. Protein-bound polysaccharide K induced apoptosis of the human Burkitt lymphoma cell line, Namalwa. Hattori TS, Komatsu N, Shichijo S, Itoh K. Biomed Pharmacother. 2004;58(4):226–230.

3. Potentiation of T cell immunity against radiation-leukaemia-virus-induced lymphoma by polysaccharide K. Yefenof E, Einat E, Klein E. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1991;34(2):133–137.

4. Prophylactic intervention in radiation-leukaemia-virus-induced murine lymphoma by the biological response modifier polysaccharide K. Yefenof E, Gafanovitch I, Oron E, Bar M, Klein E. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1995;41(6):389–396.

Reishi

1. Ganoderma lucidum causes apoptosis in leukaemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells. Müller CI, Kumagai T, O’Kelly J, Seeram NP, Heber D, Koeffler HP. Leuk Res. 2006;30(7):841–848.

2. Cytotoxic action of Ganoderma lucidum on interleukin-3 dependent lymphoma DA-1 cells: involvement of apoptosisproteins. Calviño E, Pajuelo L, de Eribe Casas JA, Manjón JL, Tejedor M.C, Herráez A, Alonso MD, Diez JC. Phytother Res. 2010;25(1):25-32.

3. Regression of gastric large B-Cell lymphoma accompanied by a florid lymphoma-like T-cell reaction: immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi)? Cheuk W, Chan JK, Nuovo G, Chan MK, Fok M. Int J Surg Pathol. 2007;15(2):180–186.

Maitake

1. Maitake D-fraction: healing and preventive potential for cancer. Nanba H. J Orthomolecular Med. 1997;12(1):43–49.

Cordyceps

1. Bizarro A., I.C. Ferreria, M. Sokovic, L.J. van Griensven, D. Sousa, et al. 2015. Cordyceps militaris (L.) link fruiting body reduces the growth of a non-small cell lung cancel cell line by increasing cellular levels of p53 and p21. Molecules 20(8):13927-13940.

Turkey Tail

1. Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptide slows progression of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Tsang KW, Lam CL, Yan C, Mak JC, Ooi GC, Ho JC, Lam B, Man R, Sham JS, Lam WK. Respir Med. 2003;97(6):618–624.

2. Catita, J. 2000. The use of Coriolus-MRL supplementation lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Mycology News 1(4):3-4.

3. Hayakawa, K., N. Mitsuhashi, Y. Saito, M. Takahashi, S. Katano, K. Shiojima, M. Furuta, H. Niibe. 1993. Effect of krestin (PSK) as adjuvant treatment on the prognosis after radical radiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Research 13(5C):1815-1820.

4. Tsang, K.W., C.L. Lam, C. Yan, J.C. Mak et al. 2003. Corilos versicolor polysaccharide peptide slows progression of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Respiratory Medicine 97(6):618-624.

Reishi

1. Gao, Y., W. Tang, X. Dai, H. Gao, G. Chen et al. 2005. Effects of water-soluble Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the immune functions of patients with advanced lung cancer. Journal of Medicinal Food 8(2):159-168.

Shiitake

1. Zhang, Y., M. Zhang, Y. Jiang, X.L. Li, He et al. 2018. Lentinan as an immunotherapeutic for treating lung cancer: A review of 12 years clinical studies in China. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 144(11):2177-2186.

Turkey Tail

1. Effects of cimetidine and PSK on interleukin-2 production by PBL in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma during the course of chemotherapy. Kikuchi Y, Kizawa I, Oomori K, Iwano I, Kita T, Miyauchi M, Kato K. Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. 1987;39(11):1987–1992.

2. Effects of PSK on interleukin-2 production by peripheral lymphocytes of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma during chemotherapy. Kikuchi Y, Kizawa I, Oomori K, Iwano I, Kita T, Kato K. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1988;79(1):125–130.

3. Antitumour effect of PSK and its combined effect with CDDP on ovarian serous adenocarcinoma-bearing nude mice. Ishii K, Kita T, Hirata J, Tode T, Kikuchi Y, Nagata I. Nippon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. 1993;45(4):333–339.

4. Enhancement of anti-cancer activity of cisdiaminedichloroplatinum by the protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus versicolor QUEL (PS-K) in vitro. Kobayashi Y, Kariya K, Saigenji K, Nakamura K. Cancer Biother. 1994;9(4):351–358.

1. Shimizu, Y., K. Hasumi T. Chen. 1989. Successful treatment of a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer by lentinan combined with intra-arterial 5FU. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research 24(3):647-651.

Turkey Tail

1. Two cases of unresectable pancreatic cancer responding to combined chemotherapy with cisplatin, PSK and UFT. Sohma M, Kitagawa T, Okano S, Utsumi M, Mutoh E, Takeda S, Kanda M, Suzuki Y, Okamura K, Namiki M. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1987;14(6 Pt 1):1926–1929.

2. PSK-mediated NF-kappaB inhibition augments docetaxelinduced apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells NOR-P1. Zhang H, Morisaki T, Nakahara C, Matsunaga H, Sato N, Nagumo F, Tadano J, Katano M. Oncogene. 2003;22(14):2088–2096.

3. Rosehdahl, A.H., C. Sun, D. Wu, R. Anderson. 2012. Polysaccharide-K (PSK) increases p21 (WAF/Cip1) and promotes apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatology 12(6):467-74.

Shiitake

1. Shimizu, K., S. Watanabe, Sh. Watanabe, K. Matsuda, T. Suga. S. Nakazawa, K. Shiroratu. 2009. Efficacy of oral administered superfine dispersed lentinan for advanced pancreatic cancer. Hepatogastroenerology 56:240-244.

Reishi

1. Pharmacological values of medicinal mushrooms for prostate cancer therapy: the case of Ganoderma lucidum. Mahajna J, Dotan N, Zaidman BZ, Petrova RD, Wasser SP. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(1):16–26.

2. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) in cancer treatment. Sliva D. Integr Cancer Ther. 2003;2(4):358–364.

3. Androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms mediate Ganoderma lucidum activities in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Zaidman BZ, Wasser SP, Nevo E, Mahajna J. Int J Oncol. 2007;31(4):959–967.

4. Anti-androgen effects of extracts and compounds from Ganoderma lucidum. Liu J, Tamura S, Kurashiki K, Shimizu K, Noda K, Konishi F, Kumamoto S, Kondo R. Chem Biodivers. 2009;6(2):231–243.

5. The anti-androgen effect of ganoderol B isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Liu J, Shimizu K, Konishi F, Kumamoto S, Kondo R. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007;15(14):4966–4972.

6. Ganoderma lucidum suppresses angiogenesis through the inhibition of secretion of VEGF and TGF-beta1 from prostate cancer cells. Stanley G, Harvey K, Slivova V, Jiang J, Sliva D. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;330(1):46–52.

7. Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3. Jiang J, Slivova V, Valachovicova T, Harvey K, Sliva D. Int J Oncol. 2004;24(5):1093–1099.

8. Biologic activity of spores and dried powder from Ganoderma lucidum for the inhibition of highly invasive human breast and prostate cancer cells. Sliva D, Sedlak M, Slivova V, Valachovicova T, Lloyd FP Jr, Ho NW. J Altern Complement Med. 2003;9(4):491–497.

9. Ganoderic acid DM: anti-androgenic osteoclastogenesis inhibitor. Liu J, Shiono J, Shimizu K, Kukita A, Kukita T, Kondo R. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009;19(8):2154–2157.

10. Anti-androgenic activities of Ganoderma lucidum. Fujita R, Liu J, Shimizu K, Konishi F, Noda K, Kumamoto S, Ueda C, Tajiri H, Kaneko S, Suimi Y, Kondo R. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;102(1):107–112.

11. Huang, S.Y., G.J. Huang, H.C. Wu, M.C. Kao, W.C. Huang. 2018. Ganoderma tsugae inhibits the SREPB-1/AR axis leading to suppression of cell growth and activation of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Molecules 23(10):2539.

Maitake

1. Induction of apoptosis in human prostatic cancer cells with beta-glucan (Maitake mushroom polysaccharide). Fullerton SA, Samadi AA, Tortorelis DG, Choudhury MS, Mallouh C, Tazaki H, Konno S. Mol Urol. 2000;4(1):7–13.

Shiitake

1. Huang, J.Q., A. M. Mondul, S.J. Weinstein, A. Derkach et al. 2019. Prospective serum metabolomic profiling of lethal prostate cancer. International Journal of Cancer 145(12):3231-3243.

2. White, R.W., R.M. hackman, S.E. Soares, L.A. Beckett, B.X. Sun. 2002. Effects of a mushroom mycelium extract on the treatment of prostate cancer. Urology 60(4):640-644.

Cardiovascular Health

Reishi

1. A phase I/II study of ling zhi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) extract in patients with coronary heart disease. Gao Y, Chen G, Dai X, Ye J, Zhou S. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2004;6(4):327–334.

2. The triterpenoids of Ganoderma tsugae prevent stress-induced myocardial injury in mice. Kuok QY, Yeh CY, Su BC, Hsu PL, Ni H, Liu MY, Mo FE. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013;57(10):1892–1896.

3. Chu, T.T.W, I.F.F. Benzie, CW.K. Lam, B.S.P. Fok, K.K.C. Lee, B. Tomlinson. 2012. Study of potential cardioprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi): Results of controlled human intervention trials. British journal of nutrition 107(7):1017-1027.

Cordyceps

1. Medicinal value of the caterpillar fungi species of the genus Cordyceps (Fr.) Link (Ascomycetes). A review. Holliday J, Cleaver M. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2008;10(3):219–234.

2. Cardiovascular protection and antioxidant activity of the extracts from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis act partially via adenosine receptors. Yan XF, Zhang ZM, Yao HY, Guan Y, Zhu JP, Zhang LH, Jia YL, Wang RW. Phytother Res. 2013;27(11):1597–1604.

3. Cordycepin, 3′-deoxyadenosine, prevents rat hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury via activation of Akt/GSK-3β/p70S6K signaling pathway and HO-1 expression. Park ES, Kang DH, Yang MK, Kang JC, Jang YC, Park JS, Kim SK, Shin HS. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2014;14(1):1–9.

4. Zhu, JS., et al. “The Scientific Rediscovery of a precious ancient Chinese herbal regimen: cordyceps sinensis: Part II. ”Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) vol.4, no.4, 1998, pp. 429-57.

Tremella

Research advances in primary biological effects of Tremella polysaccharides. Chen FF, Cai DL. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2008;6(8):862–866.

Focus & Brain Fog

Lion's Mane

1. Brandalise F, Cesaroni V, Gregori A. et al. Dietary Supplementation of Hericium erinaceus Increases Mossy Fiber-CA3 Hippocampal Neurotransmission and Recognition Memory in Wild-Type Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:3864340.doi:10.1155/2017/3864340

2. Rossi P, Cesaroni V, Brandalise F, Occinegro A, Ratto D, Perrucci F, Lanaia V, Girometta C, Orru G, Savino E. Dietary Supplementation of Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes), and Spatical Memory in Wild-Type Mice. Int J med Mushrooms. 2018;20(5):485-494.doi:10.1615/IntJedMedMushrooms.2018026241.

3. Saitsu, Y., A. Nishide, K. Kikushima, K. Shimizu, K. Ohnuki. 2019. Improvement of cognitive functions by oral intake of Hericium erinaceus. Biomedicial Research 40(4): 125-131.

Tremella

1. Kim, J.H., H.C. Ha, M.S. Lee et al. 2007. Effect of Tramella fuciformis on the neurite outgrowth of PC 12h cells and the improvement of memory in rats. Biological and Pharmacology Bulletin 30(4):708-714.

2. Park, H.J., H.S. Shim, Y.H. Ahn, K.S. Kim et al. 2012. Tramella fuciformes enhances the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells and restores trimethyltin-induced impairment of memory in rats via activation of CREB transcription and cholinergic systems. Behavioural Brain Research 229(1): 82-9-.

Fatigue

Turkey Tail

1. A formal analysis of cytokine networks in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Broderick G, Fuite J, Kreitz A, Vernon SD, Klimas N, Fletcher MA. Brain Behav Immun. 2010;24(7):1209–1217.

2. Plasma cytokines in women with chronic fatigue syndrome. Fletcher MA, Zeng XR, Barnes Z, Levis S, Klimas NG. J Transl Med. 2009;7:96.

3. High levels of type 2 cytokine-producing cells in chronic fatigue syndrome. Skowera A, Cleare A, Blair D, Bevis L, Wessely SC, Peakman M. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004;135(2): 294–302.

4. Pioneering work at Breakspear Hospital on Coriolus supplementation for CFIDS/ME patients. Mycology News. 2000;1(4):4.

Reishi

1. Tang, Wenbo & gao, Yihuai & Chen, Guoliang & Gao, He & Dai, Xihu & Ye, Jinxian & Chan, Eli & Huang, Min & Zhou, Shufeng. (2005). A Randomized, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Study of a Ganoderma lucidium Polysaccharide Extract Neurasthenia. Journal of medicinal food. 8. 53-8. 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.53.

Cordyceps

1. Zhu, J S., et al. “The Scientific Rediscovery of a precious ancient Chinese herbal regimen: Cordyceps sinensis: Part II.” Journal of Alternative and Complemntary Medicine (New York, N.Y), vol. 4, no.4 1998, pp. 429-57

2. Lin B, Li S. Cordyceps as an Herbal Drug. In: Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S, editors. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis;2001

3. Song J., Y. Wang, M. Teng, G. Cai, H. Xu, H. Guo, Y. Liu, D. Wang, and L. Teng. 2015. Studies on the anti-fatigue activities of Cordyceps militaris fruit body extract in mouse model. Evidence Based Complementary Alternative Medicine doi: 10, 1155/2015/174616.