2. The anti-dementia effect of Lion’s mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) and its clinical application. Kawagishi H, Zhuang C, Shnidman E. Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients 249. 2004.
Dementia
Lion's Mane
Lion's Mane
1. Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Mori K, Inatomi S, Ouchi K, Azumi Y, Tuchida T. Phytother Res. 2009;23(3):367-72.
Depression
Lion's Mane
Reishi
Lion's Mane
1. Reduction of depression and anxiety by 4 weeks Hericium erinaceus intake. Nagano M, Shimizu K, Kondo R, Hayashi C, Sato D, Kitagawa K, Ohnuki K. Biomed Res. 2010;31(4):231–237.
2. Brandalise F, Cesaroni V, Gregori A, et al. Dietary Supplementation of Hericium erinaceus Increases Mossy Fiber – CA3 Hippocampal Neurotransmission and Recognition Memory in Wild-Type Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:3864340, doi:10.1155/2017/3864340
3. Chong, P.S., M.L. Fung, K.H. Wong, L.W. Lim. 2019. Therapeutic potential of Hericium erinaceus for depressive disorders. International Journal of Molecular Science 21(1).doi: 10.3390/ijms21010163.
4. Inanga, K. 2014. Marked improvement of neurocognitive impairment after treatment with compounds from Hericium erinaceum: a case study of recurrent depressive disorder. Personalized Medicine Universe 3: 46-48.
Reishi
1. Antidepressant-like effects of a water-soluble extract from the culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia in rats. Matsuzaki H, Shimizu Y, Iwata N, Kamiuchi S, Suzuki F, Iizuka H, Hibino Y, Okazaki M. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13:370.
Diabetes
Lion's Mane
Cordyceps
Reishi
Maitake
Turkey Tail
Tremella
Lion's Mane
1. Hypoglycemic effect of extract of Hericium erinaceus. Wang JC, Hu SH, Wang JT, Chen KS, Chia YC. J Sci Food Agric. 2005;85(4):641–646.
2. Liang B, Guo Z, Xie F, Zhao A. Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of aqueous extract of hericium erinaceus in experimental diabetic rates. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013;13:253. Published 2013 Oct 3. Doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-253
3. Yi Z, Shao-Long Y, Ai-Hong W, et al. Protective Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Hericium erinaceus onAlloxan-Induced Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in rats. Ecid Based Complement Alternat med. 2015;2015:595480. Doi:10.1155/2015/595480
Cordyceps
1. CordyMax Cs-4 improves glucose metabolism and increases insulin sensitivity in normal rats. Zhao CS, Yin WT, Wang JY, Zhang Y, Yu H, Cooper R, Smidt C, Zhu JS. J Altern Complement Med. 2002;8(3):309–314.
2. Lo HC, Hsu TH, Tu ST, Lin KC. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of natural and fermented Cordyceps sinensis in rats with diabetes induced by nicotinamide and streptozotoxcin. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34 (5):819-32
3. Shi B, Wang Z, Jin H, Chen YW, Wang Q, Qian, Y. Immunoregulatory Cordyceps sinensis increases regulatory T cells to Th17 cel ratio and delays diabetes in NOD mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 May; 9(5):582-6
4. Kai Z, Yongjian, L. Sheng G, Yu L. Effect of Dongchongxiacao (Cordyceps) therapy on contrast induced nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal insufficiency undergoing coronary angiography. J Tradit Chin Med. 2015 Aug;35(4):422-7
5. Zhu, J S., et al. “Scientific Rediscovery of a precocious ancient Chinese herbal regimen: Cordyceps sinensis: part II.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (new York, N.;Y.), vol. 4, no.4, 1998, pp. 429-57.
6. The anti-hyperglycemic activity of the fruiting body of Cordyceps in diabetic rats induced by nicotinamide and streptozotocin. Lo HC, Tu ST, Lin KC, Lin SC. Life Sci. 2004;74(23):2897–2908.
Reishi
1. A phase I/II study of Ling Zhi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) extract in patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus. Gao Y, Lan J, Dai X, Ye J, Zhou S. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2004;6(1):327–334.
2. A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract in neurasthenia. Tang W, Gao Y, Chen G, Gao H, Dai X, Ye J, Chan E, Huang M, Zhou S. J Med Food. 2005;8(1):53–58.
Maitake
1. Anti-diabetic activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Kubo K, Aoki H, Nanba H. Biol Pharm Bull. 1994;17(8):1106–1110.
2. Maitake (Grifola frondosa) improve glucose tolerance of experimental diabetic rats. Horio H, Ohtsuru M. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2001;47(1):57–63.
3. Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of whole Maitake mushroom powder and its fractions in two rat strains. Talpur NA, Echard BW, Fan AY, Jaffari O, Bagchi D, Preuss HG. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002;237(1–2):129–136.
4. Horio H, Ohtsuru M. Maitake (Grifola frandosa) improve glucose tolereance of experimental diabetic rats, J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)
Turkey Tail
1. Xian HM, Che H, Qin Y, Yanf F, meng SY, Li XG, bai YL, Wang LH. Corilous versicolor aqueous extract ameliorates insulin resistance with Pl3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways involved in diabetic skeletal muscle. Phythoer Res. 2018 Mar;32(3):551-560.doi: 10.1002/ptr.6007.
2. Want Y, Li H, Li Y, Zhao Y, Xiong F, Liu Y, Xue H, yang Z, Ni S, Sahil A, Che H, Wang L, Coriolus versicolor alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting cardiatic fibrosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Phytother Res. 2019 Oct;33 (10):2737-2748.doi: 10.1002/ptr.6448.Epub 2019 Jul 23.
Tremella
1. Hypoglycemic effects of exopolysaccharides produced by mycelial cultures of two different mushrooms Tremella fuciformis and Phellinus baumii in ob/ob mice. Cho EJ, Hwang HJ, Kim SW, Oh JY, Baek YM, Choi JW, Bae SH, Yun JW. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007;75(6):1257–1265.
Endurance
Cordyceps
Cordyceps
1. Chen S, Li Z, Krochmal R, Abrazado M, Kim W, Cooper CB. Effect of Cs-4 (Cordyceps sinensis) on exercise performance in healthy older subjects: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J altern complement med.2010 May; 16(5):585-90.doi:10.1089/acm.2009-0226.
Epilepsy
Reishi
Reishi
1. Intervention effects of Ganoderma lucidum spores on epileptiform discharge hippocampal neurons and expression of neurotrophin-4 and N-cadherin. Wang SQ, Li XJ, Zhou S, Sun DX, Wang H, Cheng PF, Ma XR, Liu L, Liu JX, Wang FF, Liang YF, Wu JM. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61687.
2. Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of oligosaccharides from Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (higher Basidiomycetes). Tello I, Campos-Pena V, Montiel E, Rodriguez V, Aguirre-Moreno A, Leon-Rivera I, Del Rio-Portilla F, Herrera-Ruiz M, Villeda-Hernandez J. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2013;15(6):555–568.
3. Anti-epileptic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides by inhibition of intracellular calcium accumulation and stimulation of expression of CaMKII α in epileptic hippocampal neurons. Wang SQ, Li XJ, Qiu HB, Jiang ZM, Simon M, Ma XR, Liu L, Liu JX, Wang FF, Liang YF, Wu JM, Di WH, Zhou S. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e102161.
Erectile Dysfunction
Cordyceps
Cordyceps
1. Regulatory mechanism of Cordyceps sinensis mycellium on mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Hsu CC, Tsai SJ, Huang YL, Huang BM. FEBS Lett. 2003;543(1–3):140–143.
2. The in vivo effect of Cordyceps sinensis mycelium on plasma corticosterone level in male mouse. Leu SF, Chien CH, Tseng CY, Kuo YM, Huang BM. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005;28(9):1722–1725.
3. Regulation of steroidogenesis by Cordyceps sinensis mycelium extracted fractions with (hCG) treatment in mouse Leydig cells. Wong KL, So EC, Chen CC, Wu RS, Huang BM. Arch Androl. 2007;53(2):75–77.
4. Jiraungkoorskkul, K. & W. Jiraungkoorskul. 2016. Review of naturpathy of medicinal mushrooms, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, in sexual dysfunction. Pharmacognosy Review 10(9): 1-5.
Exercise-induced Immune Suppression
Reishi
Reishi
1. Immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) on long-term heavy-load exercising mice. Shi Y, Cai D, Wang X, Liu X. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012;82(6):383–390.
Gastric Ulcers
Lion's Mane
Lion's Mane
1. Gastroprotective effects of Lion’s Mane mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) extract against ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. Wong JY, Abdulla MA, Raman J, Phan CW, Kuppusamy UR, Golbabapour S, Vikineswary S. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:492976.
2. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori effects of medicinal mushroom extracts, with special emphasis on the Lion’s Mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (higher Basidiomycetes). Shang X, Tan Q, Liu R, Yu K, Li P, Zhao GP. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2013;15(2):165–174.
3. A double-blind study of effectiveness of Hericium erinaceus pers therapy on chronic atrophic gastritis. A preliminary report. Xu CP, Liu WW, Liu FX, Chen SS, Liao FQ, Xu Z, Jiang LG, Wang CA, Lu XH. Chin Med J (Engl). 1985;98(6):455–456.
4. Cytoprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus on gastric mucosa in rats. Yu CG, Xu ZM, Zhu QK, Zhang ZH, Chen ZR, Sun CH, Zhang YF, Wang N. Chin J Gastroenterol. 1999:4(2):93–96.
5. Effect of culinary-medicinal Lion’s Mane mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae), on Ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Abdulla MA, Noor S, Vikineswary S, Abdullah N, Wong KH, Ali HM. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2008;10(4):325–330.
Hepatitis
Reishi
Cordyceps
Chaga
Reishi
1. A phase I/II study of a Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Ling Zhi, Reishi Mushroom) extract in patients with chronic Hepatitis В. Gao YH, Zhou SF, Chen GL, Dai XH, Ye JX, Gao H. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2002;4(4):321–328.
2. Anti-hepatitis B activities of ganoderic acid from Ganoderma lucidum. Li YQ, Wang SF. Biotechnol Lett. 2006;28(11): 837–841.
3. Gao, Y.H., S.F. Zhou, G.L. Chen, X.H. Dai, J.X. Ye, H. Gao. 2002a. A phase 1/11 study of Ganoderma lucidum extract in patients with chronic hepatitis B. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 4(4):321-7.
Cordyceps
1. Short-term curative effect of cultured Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. Mycelia in chronic hepatitis B. Zhou LM, Yang YZ, Xu YM, Zhu QY, Ma ZL, Zhu TR, Ge XY, Gao JD. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi. 1990;15(1):53–55, 65.
2. Effects of Cordyceps polysaccharides in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Ma X, Qiu DK, J Xu, Zeng MD. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi. 1998;6(7):582–584.
3. Effects of Cordyceps sinensis on T lymphocyte subsets and hepato-fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gong HY, Wang KQ, Tang SG. Hunan Yike Daxue Xue Bao. 2000;25(3):248–250.
4. Zhu , J.S., et al. “The Scientitifc Redisovery of a Precious Ancient Chinese Herbal Regimen: Cordyceps Sinensis: Part II.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (New York,, N.Y.), vol.4 no. 4, 1988, pp. 429-57
5. Wang, X.B., Y.Y.Jiang C.Y. Zhao. 2012. Clinical research of xinganbao capsule on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi (article in Chinese) 32(3):325-328
Chaga
1. Shibnev, V.A. & Mishin, Dmitriy & Garaev. Timur & Finogenova, N.P. Botikov, A.G. & Deryabin, Petr. (2011). Antiviral Activity of Inontus Obliquus Fungus Extract towards Infection Caused by Hepatitis C Virus in Cell Cultures. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine. 151.612-4.10.1007/s10517-011-1395-8
Herpes
Turkey Tail
Maitake
Turkey Tail
1. Treatment of recurrent genital herpes with PSK. Kawana T. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Pharmacological and Clinical Approaches to Herpes Viruses and Virus Chemotherapy. Oiso, Japan, Sept. 10-13, 1984. Kono R, Nakajima A (Eds). Amsterdam : Excerpta Medica, 1985. pp. 271–272.
2. In vitro inactivation of herpes simplex virus by a biological response modifier, PSK. Monma Y, Kawana T, Shimizu F. Antiviral Res. 1997;35(3):131–138.
Maitake
1. Isolation, identification and function of a novel anti-HSV-1 protein from Grifola frondosa. Gu CQ, Li JW, Chao F, Jin M, Wang XW, Shen ZQ. Antiviral Res. 2007;75(3):250–257.
HIV
Cordyceps
Turkey Tail
Reishi
Chaga
Cordyceps
1. Phosphorothioate and cordycepin analogues of 2’, 5’- oligoadenylate: Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and infection in vitro. Montefiori DC, Sobol RW Jr, Li SW, Reichenbach NL, Suhadolnik RJ, Charubala R, Pfleiderer W, Modliszewski A, Robinson WE Jr, Mitchell WM. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86(18):7191–7194.
2. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of monomeric and trimeric cordycepin-cholesterol conjugates and inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Wasner M, Henderson EE, Suhadolnik RJ, Pfleiderer W. Helv Chim Acta. 1994;77(7):1757–1761.
Turkey Tail
1. Polysaccharopeptide from the Turkey tail fungus Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilát inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 reverse transciptase and protease. Ng TB, Wang HX, Wan DCC. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2006;8(1):39–43.
2. Polysaccharopeptide from Coriolus versicolor has potential for use against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infection. Collins RA, Ng TB. Life Sci. 1997;60(25):383–387.
3. A biological response modifier, PSK, inhibits reverse transcriptase in vitro. Hirose K, Hakozaki M, Kakuchi J, Matsunaga K, Yoshikumi C, Takahashi M, Tochikura TS, Yamamoto N. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987;149(2):562–567.
4. The effectiveness of Coriolus versicolor supplementation in the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma in HIV+Patients. [Poster]. Tindall J, Clegg E. Presented at the 10th International Congress of Mucosal Immunology in Amsterdam, June 28th – July 1st, 1999.
5. The clinical use of Coriolus versicolor supplementation in HIV+ patients and the impact on CD4 count and viral load. [Poster]. Pfeiffer M. Presented at the III International Symposium on Mushroom Nutrition in Milan on Saturday, March 10th, 2001.
Reishi
1. Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances from Ganoderma lucidum. el-Mekkawy S, Meselhy MR, Nakamura N, Tezuka Y, Hattori M, Kakiuchi N, Shimotohno K, Kawahata T, Otake T. Phytochemistry. 1998;49(6):1651–1657.
2. Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. Min BS, Nakamura N, Miyashiro H, Bae KW, Hattori M. Chem Pharm Bull. 1998;46(10):1607–1612.
Chaga
1. Chemistry, biological activity, and chemotherapeutic potential of betulinic acid for the prevention and treatment of cancer and HIV infection. Cichewicz RH, Kouzi SA. Med Res Rev. 2004;24(1):90–114.
2. Betulinic acid derivatives as Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) inhibitors. Dang Z, Lai W, Qian K, Ho P, Lee KH, Chen CH, Huang L. J Med Chem. 2009;52(23):7887–7891.
HPV
Turkey Tail
Turkey Tail
1. Coriolus versicolor supplementation in HPV patients. [Poster]. Couto JS, da Silva DP. 20th European Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. March 7th, 2008.